Dermatitis in Dogs

Itchy skin, constant scratching, patches of redness – if your dog’s dealing with any of these, dermatitis could be the cause. Affecting around 1 in 10 dogs, dermatitis simply means inflammation of the skin. It’s a broad term vets use to describe symptoms linked to various skin concerns. You might also hear it called allergic skin disease or atopy – but they all describe a similar set of signs.

What is dermatitis in dogs?

Dermatitis is a general term for inflammation of the skin – and it’s often what makes dogs feel itchy. That itching leads to scratching, licking or rubbing, which can leave the skin red, sore and irritated. There are several different types of skin conditions in dogs, and treatment usually focuses on managing the underlying trigger of the allergy.

Types of dermatitis in dogs 

Dermatitis can be grouped in different ways, depending on what’s causing the skin inflammation. Here are some of the most common types found in dogs:

Flea allergy dermatitis

Some dogs react to proteins in flea saliva, triggering an allergic response that causes intense itching, hair loss and even secondary infections. Symptoms usually show up around the base of the tail – the area where fleas and their eggs tend to gather. Find out how you can get rid of fleas in dogs. 

Environmental allergies

Dogs can be allergic to substances in their surroundings. For some, it’s seasonal – things like pollen or grass. For others, it’s year-round triggers such as dust or mites. Skin testing can help identify which allergens are causing the reaction. Read more about common dog skin allergies.

Atopic dermatitis

Also known as atopy or cAD, this type of dermatitis affects around 10% of dogs in the UK and is similar to eczema in humans. Dogs with atopic dermatitis have an allergic reaction to their own skin, which can make it tricky to manage. Breeds more commonly affected include West Highland White Terriers, French Bulldogs, Labradors, Golden Retrievers and Bull Terriers.

Seborrheic dermatitis

This form of dermatitis is usually inherited and causes the skin to produce too much oil, leaving it with a greasy feel and appearance. Symptoms are typically managed with medication and regular bathing to help remove the excess oils.

What causes dermatitis in dogs?

Dermatitis in dogs is usually triggered by the specific factor behind your dog’s skin allergy. Common allergens like pollen or dust mites can upset the immune system and spark an inflammatory response, leading to irritation and inflamed skin.

While genetics play a key role in which dogs develop allergies, factors like diet, environment and parasiticide use can also influence how symptoms show up – and how severe they become.

Symptoms of dermatitis in dogs 

The symptoms of dermatitis usually fall into two groups:
Primary symptoms, linked to the itching itself, and
Secondary symptoms, caused by ongoing irritation or infection.

Primary signs are all related to that itchy sensation and may include:

• Red skin or ears
• Scratching
• Licking or overgrooming
• Head shaking
• Rolling or dragging their belly along the floor
• Rust-red staining on the paws (from saliva caused by frequent licking)

If your dog does these things often enough, it can lead to hair loss – and make them more prone to secondary infections.

Look out for signs like:

• Hair loss, patchy coat or reduced hair growth
• Flea dirt or live fleas in the coat
• Scabs, pustules, sores or ulcers
• Discharge from the ears or skin – this can appear grey, green, yellow, red or tan

How long does dermatitis last?

Dermatitis is a lifelong condition that often needs ongoing care at home – including medication or specific diets to help keep it under control.

If your dog has seasonal allergies, symptoms may disappear during cooler months and return in spring or summer. This pattern usually repeats year after year.

Is dermatitis in dogs contagious? 

No, dermatitis in dogs is not contagious. It can’t be passed between dogs – or to other animals or people. However, some secondary infections linked to allergic skin disease, such as fleas, can spread to other pets and may bite humans too.

How to treat dermatitis in dogs 

Dermatitis in dogs treatment plans need to be tailored to each dog. Every dog responds differently, so it often takes a mix of medications, shampoos and supplements – and a little trial and error – to find what works best.

Medications can be highly effective at reducing the itch. Common options include Apoquel, Cytopoint or steroids. If there are signs of secondary infection, your vet may prescribe antibiotics, antifungal treatments or medicated shampoos.

If you’re exploring how to treat dermatitis in dogs naturally, allergen avoidance is key. For example, if long grass triggers a flare-up, try switching to beach walks or paved areas instead. Washing or rinsing your dog after walks can also help remove pollen or particles that may trigger a reaction. Learn more about what to do about hayfever in dogs and what to do about it. 

Treating flea allergy dermatitis in dogs requires strict, regular flea control. All cats and dogs in the home should be treated with a prescription-strength product, applied exactly as directed. Some dogs are so sensitive that even a single flea bite can set off intense itching. And remember – even if your dog stays indoors, fleas can still come in on clothes or shoes.

Non-medical treatments for dermatitis in dogs 

Some natural ways to support dogs with dermatitis include regular grooming. Brushing helps remove scale, spread natural oils along the coat and support the skin’s barrier. It also improves circulation and gives your dog a boost of feel-good endorphins.

Supplements rich in omega oils for dogs can help reduce skin inflammation and improve moisture retention, strengthening the skin barrier. This can reduce the dry, flaky appearance often seen in dogs with dermatitis.

In cases of food allergies, vets may recommend an elimination diet – using hypoallergenic foods or a novel single-protein diet. These can be home-cooked, but should always follow guidance from a veterinary nutritionist to ensure they're balanced and safe.

It’s important to be cautious with so-called natural remedies. Products like garlic, apple cider vinegar or essential oils are not effective for flea allergy dermatitis – and in some cases, can be harmful. Always speak to your vet before trying any at-home treatments.

In conclusion 

Dermatitis in dogs is a long-term condition that can be managed with the right care and understanding. Identifying your dog’s specific triggers – whether environmental, dietary or flea-related – is key to reducing flare-ups and keeping their skin comfortable. With a tailored treatment plan, regular grooming and ongoing support from your vet, most dogs can enjoy a happy, active life with fewer skin concerns.